Formal mechanisms can signal long-term commitments to alliance partners. These mechanisms can include all except ________.
A) contracts
B) stock ownership
C) secrecy
D) collateral bonds

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Contracts, stock ownership, and collateral bonds all indicate a formal, long-term commitment between alliance partners. Secrecy, on the other hand, does not necessarily signal a commitment and can be more of a tactical decision made by the partners for their own benefit.

Formal Mechanisms Can Signal Long-Term Commitments to Alliance Partners