Distinguish between the major DSM-IV-TR criteria for a diagnosis of substance dependence and a diagnosis of substance abuse and the new DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder,as defined by the American Psychiatric Association.

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The Answer is In the DSM-IV-TR, substance dependence was characterized by the presence of three or more of the following criteria: tolerance, withdrawal, using more of the substance than intended, unsuccessful attempts to cut down or control use, spending a lot of time obtaining, using, or recovering from the substance, giving up important activities in favor of substance use, and continued use despite knowing it was causing physical or psychological problems. Substance abuse, on the other hand, was diagnosed when someone continued to use a substance despite recurrent social, interpersonal, or legal problems related to its use.

In the DSM-5, these two categories have been combined into a single diagnosis of substance use disorder. This disorder is defined by a problematic pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least two of the following criteria occurring within a 12-month period: taking the substance in larger amounts or for longer than intended, unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control use, spending a great deal of time obtaining, using, or recovering from the substance, craving or strong desire to use the substance, recurrent use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home, continued use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance, important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of substance use, recurrent use in situations where it is physically hazardous, continued use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance, tolerance, and withdrawal.

Overall, the DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder provide a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of problematic substance use, incorporating both the behaviors and consequences associated with substance dependence and substance abuse.

Distinguish Between the Major DSM-IV-TR Criteria for a Diagnosis of Substance