In dealing with discrimination cases,courts allow the federal government to demand the strongest justification from government officials for classifying by sex,next so by race and ethnicity.

Question

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Courts require the strongest justification, known as "strict scrutiny," for classifications based on race and ethnicity, not sex. Classifications by sex are subject to "intermediate scrutiny," which is a less stringent standard.

In Dealing with Discrimination Cases,courts Allow the Federal Government to Demand