A study finds a strong positive association between size of children's feet and results in spelling tests.Describe three different possible cause-and-effect relationships that might be present.
A)There are only two cause-and-effect relationships: older children cause better spelling tests,spelling tests cause older children.
B)There is only one cause-and-effect relationship: foot size causes better spelling tests,because children with larger feet do better on spelling tests than children with smaller feet,on average.
C)Perhaps foot size causes better performance on spelling tests,spelling tests causes children to become older,or both could be caused by a lurking variable such as the school.
D)Perhaps foot size causes better performance on spelling tests,good performance on spelling tests causes bigger foot sizes,or both could be caused by a lurking variable such as the age.
E)There are no possible cause-and-effect relationships.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

This choice considers the possibility of reverse causation and lurking variables, which are factors that could explain the relationship between foot size and spelling test results. It also presents multiple potential cause-and-effect relationships, rather than limiting it to one or two possibilities.

A Study Finds a Strong Positive Association Between Size of Children's