Question 1

What is a primary goal of the therapist in person-centered therapy?

Accepted Answer

The primary goal of person-centered therapy is to provide the client with unconditional positive regard, which means accepting the client without judgment and creating a safe and supportive environment where the client can explore their feelings and experiences. The therapist's role is to facilitate the client's self-discovery and growth, but not to eliminate their undesirable behaviors or encourage transference. Increasing the client's self-awareness and self-acceptance is an important aspect of the therapy, and the therapist works collaboratively with the client to achieve this goal.

Question 2

Expressing empathy, developing discrepancy between a client's present behaviors and values, rolling with resistance, and supporting a client's self-efficacy were the four original pillars of ________.

Accepted Answer

The four original pillars of motivational interviewing are expressing empathy, developing discrepancy between a client's present behaviors and values, rolling with resistance, and supporting a client's self-efficacy. Rational emotive therapy, person-centered therapy, and contingency contracting do not include these specific pillars.

Question 3

Gestalt therapy is considered ________, often confronting clients about the statements they have made. Instead of simply reflecting back clients' statements, a Gestalt therapist uses a number of planned experiences to help clients become more aware of their own feelings.

Accepted Answer

Gestalt therapy is considered directive, as the therapist takes an active role in helping the client become more aware of their thoughts and feelings. The therapist may use planned experiences and even confront the client about statements they've made in order to facilitate insight and growth.

Question 4

Which type of therapy emphasizes the importance of an authentic and empathetic therapist?

Accepted Answer

Person-centered therapy emphasizes the importance of an authentic and empathetic therapist who provides unconditional positive regard and empathy to the client. The therapist is viewed as a facilitator rather than an expert, and the client is considered to be the ultimate authority on their own experiences and growth.

Question 5

What did Carl Rogers view as a cause of most personal difficulties?

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that a mismatch between an individual's ideal self and their real self was the cause of most personal difficulties. He believed that when an individual's experiences and self-concept were inconsistent with their ideal self, this caused negative emotions and maladaptive behavior. Therefore, self-acceptance and congruence between the real and ideal self were essential for personal growth and well-being.

Question 6

According to Carl Rogers, the ________ is how people think they should be.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that the ideal self is how people think they should be, whereas the real self is how they actually are. The ego and id are concepts from Freudian psychology and are not directly related to Rogers' theory of the self.

Question 7

According to Carl Rogers, the ________ is how people see their actual traits and abilities.

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, the real self is how people see their actual traits and abilities, while the ideal self is how people want to see themselves. The ego and id are concepts from Freudian psychoanalytic theory and are not directly related to Rogers' concept of the self.

Question 8

The therapist's feeling of respect and affection for the client that exists without any strings attached, no matter what the client may say or do, is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's feeling of respect and affection for the client that is not dependent on any conditions is referred to as unconditional positive regard. This concept was introduced by Carl Rogers as one of the necessary conditions for effective therapy in his person-centered therapy approach. Option A (conditions of worth) refers to the internalized expectations that individuals develop about what they must do or be to receive positive regard from others. Option B (empathy) is the therapist's ability to understand the client's feelings and experiences. Option C (catharsis) refers to the process of releasing repressed emotions and experiences in therapy.

Question 9

Judy's therapist listens to her without interruption and judgment. She creates a warm, accepting, and uncritical atmosphere. Her therapist is demonstrating ________.

Accepted Answer

The therapist is demonstrating unconditional positive regard, which means accepting and respecting the client without judgment or evaluation. This is a core condition in Carl Rogers' humanistic approach to therapy.

Question 10

The person-centered therapist must show a genuine, open, and honest response to the client. This is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Authenticity refers to the therapist's genuine, open, and honest response to the client. This creates an environment of trust and allows the client to feel comfortable enough to express their thoughts and feelings freely. Empathy and unconditional positive regard are also important aspects of person-centered therapy, but they are not the same as authenticity. Resistance refers to the client's reluctance to participate in therapy and is not related to the therapist's response.

Question 11

Gestalt therapy was developed based on the work of ________.

Accepted Answer

Gestalt therapy was developed by Fritz Perls, who was influenced by theories from phenomenology, existentialism, and Gestalt psychology.

Question 12

Graham listens to Maria's statements and then restates what he feels is Maria's message and describes her emotions. What type of therapy is Dr. Graham practicing?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Graham is practicing person-centered therapy, which focuses on empathic understanding and reflecting the client's feelings and thoughts back to them.

Question 13

Imagine if Sigmund Freud were to go to Carl Rogers for therapy. Freud's major complaint is depression due to distress over the lack of positive response to his theories. What is Rogers most likely to say during their session?

Accepted Answer

Rogers would likely first acknowledge Freud's distress and address it directly by reflecting back his perception of the problem. This would help build a therapeutic relationship between the two, allowing for further exploration of Freud's feelings of disappointment towards his work.

Question 14

Which of the following is a key component of Rogers's person-centered therapy?

Accepted Answer

Unconditional positive regard is a key component of Rogers's person-centered therapy. This involves the therapist displaying acceptance, empathy, and understanding towards the client, creating a safe environment for exploration and growth. The other options (cognition, resistance, dream interpretation) are not central to person-centered therapy.

Question 15

Which of the following does humanistic therapy emphasize?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic therapy emphasizes individual choices and personal responsibility for one's own growth and development. This approach focuses on the present moment and encourages clients to explore and work through their experiences, feelings, and behaviors in a supportive and non-judgmental environment. It is a client-centered therapy that emphasizes the uniqueness and potential of each individual. The other options, such as the unconscious and errant thought processes, are more closely associated with psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapies, respectively, and the empty-chair technique is a specific technique used in some types of therapy but not a central tenet of humanistic therapy.

Question 16

Your friend tells you that he sees a Gestalt therapist. You ask him to describe what might happen in one of his therapy sessions. Which of the following is his most likely answer?

Accepted Answer

Talking to an empty chair is a technique used in Gestalt therapy known as the "empty chair technique." This involves the individual imagining an important person or aspect of themselves in the empty chair and having a conversation with them to gain insight and resolve conflict. Options A, C, and D do not correspond to Gestalt therapy techniques.

Question 17

Carl Rogers's person-centered approach is considered ________ because the client actually does all the real work with the therapist merely acting as a sounding board.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers's person-centered approach is often referred to as nondirective because the therapist does not direct the treatment or give advice. Instead, the client takes an active role in the therapy process by exploring their thoughts and feelings, with the therapist acting as a supportive and empathetic listener. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Question 18

What is a major goal of the Gestalt therapist?

Accepted Answer

A major goal of Gestalt therapy is to help clients become more aware of their own feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. Through this increased self-awareness, clients are better able to understand their own needs and desires and make more authentic choices in their lives. Other goals of Gestalt therapy include promoting self-acceptance, improving personal relationships, and increasing overall life satisfaction. Transference is not a major focus of Gestalt therapy, and the therapist does not seek to eliminate undesirable behaviors or provide unconditional positive regard.

Question 19

________ therapies have been used not only to treat mental disorders but also to help people make career choices, deal with workplace problems, and counsel married couples.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic therapies, such as client-centered therapy and existential therapy, focus on an individual's personal growth and self-actualization. These therapies can be applied to a range of issues, including career and workplace problems, and even marriage counseling. Psychoanalytic and biomedical therapies are more specifically targeted towards mental disorders, while biological therapies involve medical treatments like medication.

Question 20

The person-centered therapist has to be able to acknowledge and understand what the client is feeling and experiencing. This process is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another. In person-centered therapy, it is an essential skill that the therapist must have to create a safe and supportive environment for the client. It allows the therapist to connect with the client and demonstrate their acceptance and understanding of their experience.

Quiz 15: Psychological Therapies