The common enemy that both Germany and Italy had to defeat in the course of unification was

Question

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Both Germany and Italy had to defeat Austria in order to achieve unification. In the case of Italy, Austria controlled several territories that were important for Italian unification, such as Lombardy and Veneto. In the case of Germany, Austria was the dominant power in the German Confederation and had to be defeated in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 in order for Prussia to become the dominant power in a unified Germany.

The Common Enemy That Both Germany and Italy Had to Defeat