In What Way Did Descartes Feel That the Universe Was

In what way did Descartes feel that the universe was analogous to a machine?

A) God had designed nature like a clockmaker,using reason and mathematics.
B) Skeptical reasoning best explains mechanical devices such as clocks.
C) In an age in which technology was developing so rapidly,God was no longer relevant.
D) Unlike living beings,the physical universe had no soul.
E) Nature was constantly changing,much like the shifting hands of a clock.