The more active role in the economy played by the government in the latter part of the nineteenth century led to protection of small farmers from competition by tariffs, public subsidies, price regulation, patents, and trademarks.

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In the latter part of the nineteenth century, government policies often favored large businesses and industrialists rather than protecting small farmers. Tariffs protected domestic industries but could also harm agricultural exports by prompting retaliatory tariffs. Public subsidies, patents, and trademarks often benefited larger companies more than small farmers.

The More Active Role in the Economy Played by the Government