While primary deviance is the rule-breaking that occurs before labeling, secondary deviance is behavior that results from the labeling process.

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Secondary deviance occurs as a result of societal reactions to someone's behavior and the subsequent labeling of that person as deviant. This labeling can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy in which the person begins to identify with the label and engage in further deviant behavior.

While Primary Deviance Is the Rule-Breaking That Occurs Before Labeling