A terminally ill patient begins to demonstrate agitation. Which of the following should the nurse assess as the possible reason for this change in the patient's behavior?

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Agitation is often closely associated with infections, anxiety, HYPERLINK "http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003213.htm"depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Multiple factors may lead to agitation, including, but not limited to, pain, hypoxia, metabolic/electrolyte abnormalities, infection, urinary retention, and constipation. Additional causes of agitation may include trauma; sleep and sensory deprivation; and both prescribed and recreational drugs. The nurse should assess for the presence of an infection in the patient. Hunger, thirst, or an increase in dependence are not identified causes of agitation.

A Terminally Ill Patient Begins to Demonstrate Agitation