Question 1

The nurse is reading the client's medical history and learns that the client has a history of infections with Mycobacterium leprae.Based on this finding,the nurse would expect the client to have which infection?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium leprae is the bacteria that causes leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease.

Question 2

The nurse caring for a client with tuberculosis knows that the infection can be spread through which activities?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A,C,D

Question 3

The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with leprosy.Which medication is considered the mainstay of pharmacological intervention for clients with leprosy and is included in all regimens?

Accepted Answer

Dapsone is considered the mainstay of pharmacological intervention for clients with leprosy and is included in all regimens. It is effective against the Mycobacterium leprae bacteria that causes leprosy. Pyrazinamide (PZA) is not typically used in the treatment of leprosy, but is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Ethambutol (Myambutol) is typically used in the treatment of tuberculosis and not leprosy. Trimethoprim is typically used in the treatment of bacterial infections, but is not used in the treatment of leprosy.

Question 4

The nurse knows that which medication is considered the mainstay of pharmacological intervention in the client with tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Isoniazid is considered the mainstay of pharmacological intervention in tuberculosis treatment due to its effectiveness in killing actively growing mycobacteria.

Question 5

The client recently diagnosed with tuberculosis asks the nurse why so many different pills are required to treat the infection.The nurse bases the response on the knowledge that:

Accepted Answer

Mycobacteria, the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, grow slowly and can develop resistance during the course of treatment. Therefore, a combination of multiple drugs is needed to target different stages of the bacterium's growth cycle, decrease the risk of resistance, and increase the effectiveness of treatment.

Question 6

The nurse caring for a client with tuberculosis knows that the primary reason for lack of success in the treatment of tuberculosis is:

Accepted Answer

Client nonadherence is the primary reason for lack of success in the treatment of tuberculosis. When clients do not take their medications as prescribed, the bacteria causing tuberculosis may become resistant to the medication and lead to treatment failure. The other options may contribute to treatment failure but are not the primary cause.

Question 7

The nurse is caring for a client who is hospitalized for the reactivation of tuberculosis.The nurse knows that once tuberculosis is reactivated,it is spread throughout the body by the:
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Tuberculosis can spread throughout the body via the blood and the lymphatic system once it is reactivated.

Question 8

The nurse caring for several clients with mycobacterium infections on a medical unit monitors which clients for atypical mycobacterial infections (AMIs)?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Clients with HIV, those who are post-transplant, and those with leukemia are at increased risk for atypical mycobacterial infections (AMIs) due to their compromised immune systems. These conditions either directly impair the immune system or require treatments that suppress immune function, making individuals more susceptible to infections that wouldn't typically affect healthy people.

Question 9

The nurse caring for a client with tuberculosis anticipates that the first 2 months of drug therapy for this client should include which medications?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

According to standard treatment guidelines, the first-line medications for tuberculosis during the initial phase of treatment (first 2 months) include isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampin, and pyrazinamide. Albuterol is a bronchodilator medication used for respiratory distress, but it is not indicated for tuberculosis treatment.

Question 10

The nurse caring for a client being treated for tuberculosis anticipates that the client will also receive which medications to help prevent peripheral neuropathy?

Accepted Answer

Pyridoxine, also known as vitamin B6, is often given along with medications used to treat tuberculosis to help prevent peripheral neuropathy. This is because certain antitubercular medications can deplete levels of vitamin B6 in the body, which can lead to nerve damage. Niacin and cyanocobalamin are not typically indicated for preventing peripheral neuropathy in clients with tuberculosis. Neurontin is a medication used to treat neuropathic pain, but is not routinely given as a preventative measure in clients with tuberculosis.

Question 11

The nurse is teaching a community course regarding leprosy at a local senior citizen center.The nurse would be correct in informing the class that clients acquire Mycobacterium leprae by which route?

Accepted Answer

Clients acquire Mycobacterium leprae through respiratory droplets, primarily from prolonged close contact with an infected individual who has untreated or undertreated leprosy. Leprosy is not spread through sexual transmission, hand-to-hand contact, or fecal/oral routes.

Question 12

The nurse is caring for a client hospitalized with lepromatous leprosy.The nurse anticipates the duration of pharmacological management to be:

Accepted Answer

Pharmacological management for lepromatous leprosy usually lasts for 2-5 years with multiple medications, including rifampicin, dapsone, and clofazimine. This prolonged treatment is necessary to eradicate the mycobacterium leprae and prevent relapse.

Question 13

The nurse is reading the client's medical history and learns that the client has a history of infections with Mycobacterium scrofulaceum.Based on this finding,the nurse would expect the client to be from which age group?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum primarily affects children aged 1-3 years, causing cervical lymphadenitis. It's less common in other age groups.

Question 14

The client recently diagnosed with tuberculosis asks the nurse why family members also will be treated.On what facts does the nurse base the response?

Accepted Answer

Family members of someone with tuberculosis will be treated as a preventative measure to decrease their risk of developing the disease. Treatment for tuberculosis includes antibiotics that are effective in killing the bacteria and preventing the disease from spreading. By treating family members preventatively, the likelihood of them developing active tuberculosis and spreading the disease is decreased.

Question 15

The substance present in Mycobacterium that protects it from disinfectants,including chlorinated water,is:

Accepted Answer

Mycolic acid is a waxy substance that forms a protective outer layer on the cell wall of Mycobacterium. This layer makes it difficult for disinfectants, including chlorinated water, to penetrate and kill the bacteria. Polysaccharides, yeast, and acetylation do not provide the same level of protection against disinfectants.

Question 16

The nurse is teaching a community course at a local senior citizen center regarding tuberculosis.The nurse would be correct in informing the class that clients acquire Mycobacterium tuberculosis by which route?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is primarily spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes. Therefore, close and prolonged exposure to an infected person can increase the risk of transmission. Tuberculosis is not transmitted by sexual contact, fecal/oral route, or hand-to-hand contact.

Question 17

In a postprimary or reactivation stage infection of tuberculosis,the most common nonrespiratory infection sites are the:

Accepted Answer

In postprimary or reactivation stage infection of tuberculosis, the most common nonrespiratory infection sites are the lymph nodes and genitourinary system. These sites are often involved due to the spread of the bacteria from the respiratory system through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Skin and muscle involvement are uncommon, while bowel and liver involvement are rare. Heart and blood vessels can be involved in very severe cases but are not the most common nonrespiratory infection sites.

Question 18

The nurse is caring for a client who is suspected of having tuberculosis.Which symptoms would the client exhibit with a tuberculosis infection?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Tuberculosis symptoms include fatigue, night sweats, and weight loss, along with a persistent cough (often productive), chest pain, and sometimes fever, though not necessarily high fever. Nonproductive cough is less common in active TB.

Question 19

The nurse knows that which regimens are included in the initial phase of treatment for clients with tuberculosis?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse knows that which regimens are...

Question 20

The nurse is educating a client with tuberculosis.The client asks the nurse to estimate the duration of treatment.Which responses would be correct in identifying the expected duration for pharmacological management of tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

The standard duration for pharmacological management of tuberculosis is 6-12 months. It may vary based on the severity of the disease and other factors. Options A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not reflect the expected duration for tuberculosis treatment.

Quiz 51: Pharmacotherapy of Mycobacterial Infections