The shoulder complex as a whole primarily relies on ___________ for stability.

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The shoulder complex relies on both active (e.g. muscles) and passive (e.g. ligaments, labrum) restraints for stability. While bony geometry and negative intra-articular pressure do contribute to stability, they are not the primary source of stability for the shoulder complex. External load-compression of articular surfaces is not a factor in stability.

The Shoulder Complex as a Whole Primarily Relies on ___________