Which of the following adverse effects may occur due to a dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blocker?

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Dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blockers, such as amlodipine, are known to cause peripheral edema, especially in the hands and feet, due to their vasodilatory effects on arterioles. Bradycardia is not a common adverse effect of dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blockers, as they primarily affect vascular smooth muscle and not cardiac muscle. Hepatic impairment is not a specific adverse effect of this class of drugs. Increased contractility may be seen with non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, such as verapamil and diltiazem, but not with dihydropyridine-type blockers.

Which of the Following Adverse Effects May Occur Due to a Dihydropyridine-Type