Suppose that Tom was raised in an individualist culture, like that of the United States. Hank was raised in a collectivist culture, like that of Japan. As both children grow older, you would expect that Tom would become ____ competitive and Hank would become ____ competitive.

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In the United States, competitiveness is highly valued, and U.S. children typically become less cooperative and more competitive as they grow older. For instance, when playing a game that can be won only if the two players cooperate, 4- and 5-year-olds often cooperated. Older children, however, tended to compete with each other; as a result, neither player won (Madsen, 1971). In studies of Mexican children and children raised in Israeli kibbutzim, however, researchers found that older children were more likely to cooperate, presumably because their cultures emphasize group goals more than individual achievement (Eisenberg & Fabes, 1999).

Suppose That Tom Was Raised in an Individualist Culture, Like