What is the heat source for "black smokers"?
A)biologic heat from thermophyllic bacteria and densely populated vent communities
B)chemical oxidation of sulphide minerals below the seafloor
C)deeply circulating currents of hot, dense ocean brines, deflected to follow the ridge system
D)magmatic heat below the seafloor

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Black smokers are hydrothermal vents on the seafloor that are primarily heated by magmatic heat from below the seafloor. This heat causes seawater to circulate through the oceanic crust, where it becomes superheated and enriched with minerals before being expelled through the vents.

What Is the Heat Source for "Black Smokers