Vines in Tropical Rain Forests Must Grow Toward Large Trees

Vines in tropical rain forests must grow toward large trees before being able to grow toward the sun. To reach a large tree, the most useful kind of growth movement for a tropical vine presumably would be ________.

A) negative thigmotropism
B) negative phototropism
C) negative gravitropism
D) positive thigmomorphogenesis
E) the opposite of circadian rhythms