Jessica, a 5-month-old infant, cannot make plans, solve problems, weight the moral implications of a decision, or consider how to realistically obtain food or put on warm clothes. In Freudian terms, Jessica is governed by __________.

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According to Freudian theory, the id (which operates at the unconscious level) governs basic instinctual drives such as hunger, thirst, and sexual impulses, and seeks immediate gratification of these needs without consideration of consequences or morality. As a 5-month-old infant, Jessica is not yet capable of more complex decision-making or moral reasoning associated with the superego or ego.

Jessica, a 5-Month-Old Infant, Cannot Make Plans, Solve Problems, Weight