A Cruel Leader Has Been Instructing His Servants to Punish

A cruel leader has been instructing his servants to punish citizens in a rebellious town by firing mortar rounds on them from a distance, causing many civilian casualties. Based on findings from the Milgram studies, we can expect that the servants would be less likely to obey these commands inflict harm on the citizens if __________.

A) they received a pay cut
B) they themselves had experienced pain at some point
C) they had to inflict the harm on the citizens in a face-to-face situation
D) all of the above would reduce obedience significantly and reliably