In nursery school, Stanley thinks that because he can see out the window behind his teacher, his teacher can see out the window also, even though she is facing away from the window. Stanley's misperception BEST illustrates the meaning of _____.

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Stanley's belief that his teacher can see out of the window because he can is an example of egocentric thinking, where a child has difficulty understanding that other people have different perspectives and experiences than their own. This is a common cognitive limitation seen in young children. Conservation refers to the understanding that a quantity can remain the same even if its appearance changes (e.g. water poured into different shaped glasses). Centration refers to the tendency to focus only on one aspect of a situation and ignore other relevant aspects. Reversibility involves understanding that an action can be reversed to return to the original state (e.g. rolling out clay to make a snake and then rolling it back into a ball).

In Nursery School, Stanley Thinks That Because He Can See