When an experimenter hid a chip in her hand and said, "Either the chip is red or it is not red," Carlos knew that this statement was true regardless of the color of the hidden chip, which indicates that Carlos is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Carlos's understanding of the statement, which involves abstract reasoning about a hypothetical (the color of the chip being either red or not red), indicates he is in the formal operational stage of cognitive development. This stage, typically beginning around age 12, involves the ability to think abstractly and reason about hypothetical situations.

When an Experimenter Hid a Chip in Her Hand and Said