Which of the following could contribute to cohort effects in a cross-sectional study of intelligence?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Differing educational opportunities in successive generations could potentially lead to cohort effects in a cross-sectional study of intelligence, as individuals from different generations may have had different access to educational resources and thus may perform differently on intelligence tests. Paying participation fees and giving different forms of a test to different genders may introduce biases or confounds into the study, but are less likely to contribute to cohort effects specifically.

Which of the Following Could Contribute to Cohort Effects in a Cross-Sectional