Why can neither place theory nor frequency theory independently explain human perception of pitch?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Both place theory and frequency theory have limitations in explaining the entire range of human perception of pitch. Place theory cannot explain how we perceive pitches below 500 Hz, while frequency theory, even with the volley principle, cannot explain how we perceive pitches above 5,000 Hz. Additionally, hair cells cannot generate firing rates to match high frequencies, further limiting the explanatory power of both theories. Therefore, neither theory can completely explain human perception of pitch on its own.

Why Can Neither Place Theory nor Frequency Theory Independently Explain