The effort to gain control over the variables of interest and establish if-then causal relationships is descriptive of which approach to research?

Question

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The effort to gain control over the variables of interest and establish causal relationships is the hallmark of experimental research, which involves manipulating the independent variable to observe its effects on the dependent variable. Correlational research is used to identify relationships between variables, not causal relationships. Clinical research is focused on studying the efficacy and safety of medical treatments. Naturalistic observation involves observing behavior in natural settings without manipulating variables.

The Effort to Gain Control Over the Variables of Interest