Question 1

In what way does a crowd differ from a clique?

Accepted Answer

A crowd is typically a larger group of people, while a clique is a smaller, more exclusive group.

Question 2

If Hunter is a typical adolescent, he will

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, it's common for individuals to still rely on their parents for advice, even as they seek independence and form their own identities. This is a part of the typical developmental process where adolescents navigate the balance between autonomy and attachment.

Question 3

According to intercultural research, most adolescents

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that most adolescents report being happy most of the time, despite common stereotypes of teenage angst and conflict.

Question 4

The typical pattern for self-esteem is to

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that self-esteem starts out high during the preschool years, then declines during the early elementary school years, stabilizes, drops again at the beginning of high school, and then increases during high school. This pattern is influenced by various factors such as academic achievement, social comparison, and feedback from significant others.

Question 5

A strong, well-defined ethnic identity is associated with

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that a strong ethnic identity is associated with higher self-esteem in individuals. It provides a sense of belonging and pride, leading to a positive sense of self. Age or school achievement are not directly linked to ethnic identity, and there is no conclusive evidence to suggest that it affects employment rates.

Question 6

As adolescents acquire more adult skills, such as driving a car, their self-esteem usually

Accepted Answer

Acquiring adult skills, such as driving a car, usually boosts adolescents' sense of competency and, therefore, increases their self-esteem somewhat.

Question 7

Two rival youth groups, the Eastsiders and the Westsiders, were brought together to clean up a park in the centre of town in order to earn new park equipment which both groups will be able to use. The Eastsiders and the Westsiders have traditionally been hostile toward each other. What would you expect to happen as they work together to clean up the park?

Accepted Answer

Working together on a shared task, such as cleaning up a park, is likely to lessen the boundaries between the two groups and promote cooperation and collaboration. This may lead to a decrease in hostility and a greater sense of shared identity among the members of both groups. Therefore, the best choice is C.  The other options suggest negative outcomes that are unlikely to occur when they work together to achieve a common goal.

Question 8

The Robbers Cave Study demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

The Robbers Cave Study demonstrated that competition between groups for scarce resources increases individuals' identification with and support for their own group. This phenomenon is known as the in-group bias, where individuals tend to favor their own group over others, and can lead to hostile behavior towards out-groups. The study also showed that creating a superordinate goal, which requires co-operation between the two groups, can reduce inter-group hostility and promote unity. However, the study did not demonstrate that adults usually need to intervene to establish a group structure or that common goals necessarily increase hostility between groups.

Question 9

When Kristin makes the transition from elementary school to high school, you would expect her self-esteem to

Accepted Answer

The transition from elementary school to high school is often challenging, leading to a decrease in self-esteem due to new social dynamics and academic pressures.

Question 10

From the Robbers Cave study, we know that

Accepted Answer

The Robbers Cave study demonstrated that when groups of children are brought together, a social structure with specific roles, such as leaders, emerges rapidly.

Question 11

You are working with a church youth group and have noticed that the children have divided into two subgroups that are somewhat antagonistic towards each other. What would be the most effective way to reduce the hostility between the two subgroups?

Accepted Answer

Creating a common goal for the two subgroups that requires co-operation, such as raising enough money to go on a field trip, would be the most effective way to reduce the hostility between the two subgroups. This would encourage them to work together and see each other as teammates rather than opponents. A noncompetitive activity such as going out for pizza may temporarily ease tensions but would not address the underlying issue. Setting up overt competitions may even exacerbate the hostility between the two subgroups. Doing nothing is not a viable option as it could lead to further divisions and damage to the overall cohesion of the youth group.

Question 12

Who is likely to have the highest self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

Preschool children, like Len, typically have the highest self-esteem because they have not yet begun to compare themselves critically with others, a process that tends to start as children enter school and become more aware of social comparisons and evaluations.

Question 13

Most adolescents report that they

Accepted Answer

Studies show that adolescents generally share many of their parents' values, despite the typical push for independence and autonomy during this developmental stage. The other answer choices are generally not accurate for the majority of adolescents.

Question 14

A ________ is a large group of older children or adolescents who have similar values and attitudes and are known by a common label.

Accepted Answer

A crowd is a large group of adolescents who share similar values and attitudes and are identified by a common label.

Question 15

Adolescents who have achieved a strong ethnic identity

Accepted Answer

Adolescents with a strong ethnic identity tend to have parents who encourage them to explore their heritage and cultural background. This exploration can lead to a stronger sense of self and cultural pride, which can be beneficial for their overall well-being. It is not typical for them to have lower self-esteem or do poorly in school. Interactions with family and friends may also be more satisfying for these adolescents as they have a better understanding and appreciation of their cultural values and traditions.

Question 16

Competition between two groups of children

Accepted Answer

Competition between groups often leads individuals to feel more loyalty towards their own group as they strive to win. However, it is not necessarily true that there will be increased hostility within each group. The competition may actually foster cooperation within the groups as they work together to try to win. The statement about adults setting up the competition is also not necessarily true as children may naturally form groups and compete with each other.

Question 17

Blythe, Amy, Candi, and Holly are all 12-year-old European American girls who are good friends. They enjoy spending time together and tend to dress alike and act alike. The four girls would be considered

Accepted Answer

The characteristics described in the scenario (spending time together, dressing and acting alike) are indicative of a clique, which is a small, tight-knit group of friends who share common interests and behaviors. A crowd refers to a larger, more loosely connected group of people. A dominance hierarchy refers to a social structure in which members are ranked based on their social power or status. The scenario does not provide any indication that the girls are unusual.

Question 18

At which age would you be most likely to find the highest levels of self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

According to research, children between the ages of 4 and 7 tend to have the highest levels of self-esteem, as they are still in the phase of positive self-concept development and have not yet been exposed to negative social comparisons or peer pressure.

Question 19

Which adolescent is likely to have the highest self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

Adolescents who are in high-status crowds tend to have higher self-esteem compared to those in medium or low-status crowds. Being part of a high-status crowd provides a sense of belonging and a feeling of being valued by others, which can boost self-esteem.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about parent-child relations during adolescence is true?

Accepted Answer

Parent-adolescent relationships become more egalitarian throughout adolescence. As adolescents gain independence, their relationship with their parents becomes more equal and balanced, resembling more of a friendship rather than a one-sided parent-child relationship. Research also shows that parental support and warmth during adolescence are linked to positive developmental outcomes.

Quiz 16: Social and Emotional Development in Adolescents