The Nurse Is Caring for a Patient Who Had a Craniotomy

The nurse is caring for a patient who had a craniotomy for a brain tumor and has developed post-operative leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) . What are appropriate nursing interventions for this patient? Select all that apply.

A) Keep patient turned on sign of leakage and keep the head of the bed elevated 20 degrees.
B) Assess the patient for constant swallowing.
C) Observe for thick, yellow, odorous drainage.
D) Insert sterile packing into the area.
E) Encourage the patient to blow his or her nose frequently.