The nurse realizes that a patient is experiencing paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) when which of the following is assessed? Select all that apply.

Question

The nurse realizes that a patient is experiencing paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) when which of the following is assessed?  Select all that apply.

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) is characterized by sudden episodes of shortness of breath that occur at night, often waking the patient from sleep. It is associated with pulmonary congestion due to fluid accumulation in the lungs, a common symptom in heart failure. Daytime peripheral edema is also related to heart failure, where fluid accumulates in the extremities during the day and then redistributes to the lungs when the patient is lying down, contributing to PND. Improving cardiac reserve is not a symptom but a goal of treatment, and voiding more than once per night (nocturia) is related to fluid redistribution but is not specific to PND.

The Nurse Realizes That a Patient Is Experiencing Paroxysmal Nocturnal