If the mismatch repair machinery detects a mismatch soon after DNA replication, it can distinguish the parental strand from the newly synthesized strand by

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The parental strand is methylated, whereas the newly synthesized strand is not. The mismatch repair machinery can distinguish between the two strands by identifying which strand is methylated and repair the mismatch on the unmethylated strand.

If the Mismatch Repair Machinery Detects a Mismatch Soon After