Syntheses and Release of ATP in the Mitochondrion from the F1_ATPase

Syntheses and release of ATP in the mitochondrion from the F1_ATPase is driven by

A) the discharge of a proton gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix of the mitochondrion.
B) the discharge of a proton gradient between the cytosol and the intermembrane space.
C) the direct formation of a high energy compound in electron transport.
D) the reduction of oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain.
E) the discharge of a sodium gradient between the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix.