Joaquin's Parents Have Given His 2-Year-Old Daughter,Marie,a Very Noisy Jack-In-The-Box

Joaquin's parents have given his 2-year-old daughter,Marie,a very noisy jack-in-the-box toy for her birthday.Marie loves to turn the crank and make the puppet pop up,over and over and over.Desperate to have some peace and quiet,Joaquin gives Marie a popsicle,which distracts her and produces the quiet he was craving.But when the popsicle is finished,Marie goes back to the toy,cranking and cranking.Joaquin tries another popsicle.What kind of reinforcement process is taking place in this situation?

A) Marie is being positively reinforced for playing with the toy by receiving the treat.
B) Joaquin is being positively reinforced for giving her the treat by the quiet that follows.
C) Joaquin is being negatively reinforced for giving her the treat by the absence of the noise.
D) Both a and c are correct.