The parasympathetic autonomic responses associated with defecation and urination are processed and controlled at the level of the
A)brainstem.
B)hypothalamus.
C)spinal cord.
D)cerebellum.
E)limbic center.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic autonomic responses associated with defecation and urination are processed and controlled at the level of the spinal cord. This is where the reflexes for these activities are integrated, and signals are sent from the spinal cord to the muscles involved in defecation and urination. However, higher brain centers can also influence and modulate these reflexes. The hypothalamus, brainstem, cerebellum, and limbic center may be involved in the regulation of these processes, but they are not the primary site where the autonomic responses are processed and controlled.

The Parasympathetic Autonomic Responses Associated with Defecation and Urination Are