An unexpected observation from Overmier & Seligman's early experiments with dogs was that

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Overmier & Seligman's early experiments with dogs showed that they had expectations of future payoffs, which was an unexpected observation. This led to the development of the concept of learned helplessness, which describes when an individual learns that they have no control over a situation and subsequently give up trying to escape or avoid negative outcomes.

An Unexpected Observation from Overmier & Seligman's Early Experiments with Dogs