Free association works in leading a patient to reveal unconscious thoughts in theory because

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Free association works on the principle that when a patient is relaxed, their mental censor or monitor is also relaxed. This allows unconscious thoughts to come to the surface, which may reveal important information about the patient's past experiences and current mental state. Building trust between the therapist and patient is also important, but it is not the main reason why free association is effective in uncovering unconscious thoughts. Hypnosis is not involved in the process, and free association is specifically designed to access the unconscious, not just conscious thoughts.

Free Association Works in Leading a Patient to Reveal Unconscious