Question 1

Which term refers to a group of specialized cells of similar structure and function?

Accepted Answer

A tissue is a group of specialized cells of similar structure and function.

Question 2

Suppose you are examining the processes of muscle contraction in fishes. What type of study is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

The study of muscle contraction in fishes falls under the category of physiology, which focuses on the processes and functions of living organisms.

Question 3

Which of the following is a component of bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteocytes are cells that are responsible for maintaining the structure and stability of bone tissue. Plasma, platelets, and leukocytes are components of blood, not bone.

Question 4

Which of the following structures is an example of a tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is a type of connective tissue. The heart, blood vessel, and brain are all organs made up of multiple types of tissues.

Question 5

Which tissue is striated and can rapidly contract, producing voluntary movements?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle is striated and can rapidly contract, producing voluntary movements. Bone tissue is not striated and cannot contract rapidly. Cardiac muscle is striated, but it is involuntary and contracts at a slower rate than skeletal muscle. Smooth muscle is involuntary and is not striated.

Question 6

Suppose you observe a tissue with one free surface and with several layers of cells attached to a basal lamina. What type of tissue is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of epithelial tissue, which lines body surfaces and cavities and is characterized by having one free surface and being composed of layers of cells attached to a basal lamina.

Question 7

Suppose you are examining the arrangement of bones in the hand. What type of study is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Examining the arrangement of bones in the hand is an example of an anatomical study, which focuses on the structure of organisms.

Question 8

Which tissue acts to transport nutrients and wastes throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Blood is the tissue that acts to transport nutrients and wastes throughout the body. It contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and plasma, which work together to move oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. Adipose tissue, loose connective tissue, and fibrous connective tissue do not have this function.

Question 9

Which major tissue category has cells that can contract?

Accepted Answer

Muscle tissue is the major tissue category that has cells that can contract. This ability allows muscle tissue to create movement and force throughout the body. Connective tissue provides structural support, epithelium acts as a protective barrier or lining, and nervous tissue is specialized for communication and information processing.

Question 10

Which term refers to two or more different tissues arranged to carry out a specific function?

Accepted Answer

An organ refers to two or more different tissues arranged to carry out a specific function.

Question 11

Which of the following terms refers to the maintenance of the body's internal environment at relatively constant levels?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of the body's internal environment at relatively constant levels. Feedback is a process in which a system's output serves as input to that same system or another system. Natural selection is the process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. Physiology is the study of the functions and processes of living organisms.

Question 12

Which tissue is best described as a sparse distribution of cells surrounded by an open network of collagen and elastin fibres?

Accepted Answer

Loose connective tissue is characterized by a sparse distribution of cells surrounded by an open network of collagen and elastin fibers. Fibrous connective tissue is characterized by a dense network of collagen fibers, adipose tissue is characterized by an abundance of fat cells, and bone tissue is characterized by a solid matrix of calcium and collagen fibers.

Question 13

In which tissues is the presence of cilia a common feature?

Accepted Answer

Cilia are commonly found on the surface of certain types of epithelial tissues, such as those lining the respiratory tract or fallopian tubes. They help to move mucus, bacteria, and other debris out of these areas. Cilia are not typically found in muscle, nervous or connective tissues.

Question 14

Which levels of organization are correctly arranged from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

The correct arrangement from smallest to largest is tissue, organ, organ system. Tissues are groups of similar cells that perform a specific function, organs are made up of different types of tissues, and organ systems consist of different organs that work together.

Question 15

Which parts of the bone are expected to be extremely active in a growing child?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells and are responsible for the growth and development of bones. During childhood and adolescence, bones undergo rapid growth and development, and this is facilitated by the activity of osteoblasts. Therefore, osteoblasts are expected to be extremely active in a growing child.

Question 16

Which type of connective tissue forms tendons and ligaments?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous connective tissue is the type that forms tendons and ligaments. These structures require a high tensile strength, which is provided by the parallel arrangement of collagen fibers in fibrous connective tissue. Blood, cartilage, and loose connective tissue do not have the same specialized structure and organization to provide this strength.

Question 17

Which connective tissue is best at withstanding compression due the elasticity of its matrix?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is the connective tissue best able to withstand compression due to the elasticity of its matrix. Its matrix is composed of proteoglycans and collagen fibers, which provide strength and compressibility. This allows it to absorb shock and distribute weight, making it an ideal tissue for structures such as the nose, ears, vertebral discs, and joint surfaces.

Question 18

Which tissue has contractile cells that are joined by intercalated disks, allowing it to contract as a unit?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle has cells that are joined by intercalated disks, allowing them to contract as a unit.

Question 19

Which major tissue category often has more extracellular matrix material than cellular material?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue is known for having a large amount of extracellular matrix material, which includes fibers and ground substance, while the actual cells are generally less numerous. In contrast, epithelial tissue is characterized by having tightly packed cells with minimal extracellular material, while nervous and muscle tissues have varying amounts of extracellular matrix but still tend to have more cellular material overall.

Question 20

Suppose you are presented with a tissue sample that contains long rows of cells surrounded by parallel bundles of collagen and elastin fibres. What is that tissue most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous connective tissue is characterized by long rows of fibroblast cells surrounded by parallel bundles of collagen and elastin fibers. This tissue provides strength and support to various organs and structures in the body, such as tendons, ligaments, and the dermis of the skin. Cartilage, on the other hand, contains chondrocyte cells embedded in a gel-like matrix, while adipose tissue is characterized by clusters of fat-filled adipocytes. Blood does not contain long rows of cells or collagen and elastin fibers in parallel bundles.

Quiz 39: Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology