The reason why putting a Band-Aid on a toddler's stomach might reduce her tummy-ache but not reduce the gastrointestinal distress of an adult is that:

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The efficacy of the Band-Aid in reducing tummy-ache in a toddler is likely due to the placebo effect, where the child expects the Band-Aid to heal them and their belief in the effectiveness of the Band-Aid reduces their perception of pain. Adults, on the other hand, may not have the same conscious expectation that a Band-Aid can alleviate gastrointestinal distress, and therefore the placebo effect is less likely to occur.

The Reason Why Putting a Band-Aid on a Toddler's Stomach