Syrena Has Been a Victim of Intimate Partner Abuse for 6

Syrena has been a victim of intimate partner abuse for 6 years and is currently seeking help from an agency that provides safe housing and attorneys. When her husband is contacted by police, he says it is a personal family issue and they should stay out of it. Which explains why it is not a personal family issue?

A) Societal based micro-issues shape gender expectations including acceptance of violence.
B) Gender issues are biological so women need to be protected and nurtured.
C) Cultural values and social institutions play a role.
D) Although it affects few families, it is not random and can be predicted based on numerous factors.