Working with 5- and with 8-Year-Olds, Grusec and Redler Found

Working with 5- and with 8-year-olds, Grusec and Redler found that labeling children as "nice" or "helpful" was likely to promote future prosocial acts among _____ because these children _____ .

A) 5-year-olds; interpreted the label as a reinforcer for prosocial conduct
B) 8-year-olds; will try to incorporate trait-like information into their self-concepts
C) both of the above
D) none of these; labeling was ineffective at promoting altruism for both age groups