Although Sam believes that cheating is unethical, he cheats on an important test and eases his conscience by saying that without fudging a bit, he would likely not make the B he needs to maintain his scholarship. Bandura would explain this inconsistency between moral reasoning (cheating is wrong) and moral behavior (Sam's cheating) as a clear example of

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Moral disengagement refers to the psychological process by which individuals convince themselves to violate their own ethical standards. Sam is rationalizing and justifying his behavior by telling himself that he needs to cheat in order to maintain his scholarship. This is a clear example of moral disengagement. Moral realism is the belief that moral rules exist objectively, while moral relativism says that moral principles are just different from one culture to another. Conflicting moral norms refer to situations where there is a clash between two or more moral principles. None of these concepts fully explain Sam's behavior in this scenario.

Although Sam Believes That Cheating Is Unethical, He Cheats on an Important