According to Robert Selman, children younger than 8 or 9 describe acquaintances in terms of their concrete attributes (for example, their activities, appearances, and possessions) rather than their psychological characteristics because children this young

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DChildren younger than 8 or 9 often describe acquaintances in terms of concrete attributes because they lack role-taking skills (B), meaning they struggle to see things from another's perspective, and they are unaware that others' behaviors often reflect mental states and other internal causes (D), indicating a developing understanding of the psychological aspects of others.

According to Robert Selman, Children Younger Than 8 or 9