By one year of age, infants raised in impoverished and understaffed institutions

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Infants raised in impoverished and understaffed institutions appear forlorn and apathetic by one year of age. They may show signs of emotional withdrawal, lack of curiosity or interest in their environment, and decreased responsiveness to social stimuli. These effects are attributed to a lack of positive and consistent interactions with caregivers, which are essential for normal social and emotional development. However, these infants may not necessarily show an exaggerated fear of strangers, become hostile toward caregivers, or cry frequently, as these behaviors may depend on individual temperaments and experiences.

By One Year of Age, Infants Raised in Impoverished and Understaffed