In Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959) classic study on cognitive dissonance, participants who were paid $20 for doing a boring task, in contrast to those who were paid $1 for doing the same task, __________.

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Festinger and Carlsmith found that participants who were paid $1 experienced cognitive dissonance because they had insufficient justification for lying about their enjoyment of the task. To reduce the discomfort of the inconsistency, they changed their attitudes towards the task and reported liking it less. On the other hand, participants who were paid $20 had enough justification for lying and did not experience the same cognitive dissonance.

In Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959) Classic Study on Cognitive Dissonance