Freudian theories assume that __________________ play(s)a key role in shaping adult personality,which has been contradicted by recent behaviour-genetic studies.

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Recent behaviour-genetic studies have shown that shared environment (which includes upbringing, culture etc.) has less influence on adult personality than previously assumed by Freudian theories. Instead, genetic factors and non-shared environment (unique experiences and circumstances) play a greater role. The theories also emphasize on the role of defence mechanisms and sexual/aggressive drives, but recent studies have contradicted these assumptions as well. Cognitive development is not a central concept in Freudian theories of personality.

Freudian Theories Assume That __________________ Play(s)a Key Role in Shaping