The Nurse Is Caring for a Patient Who Had a Craniotomy

The nurse is caring for a patient who had a craniotomy for a brain tumor and has developed postoperative leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the nose. What are appropriate nursing interventions for this patient?

A) Keep patient turned on side of leakage and keep the head of the bed elevated 20 degrees.
B) Assess the patient for constant swallowing.
C) Observe for thick, yellow, odorous drainage.
D) Insert sterile packing into the area.
E) Encourage the patient to blow his or her nose frequently.