Uncertainty May Cause Banks to Hold Larger Excess Reserves

Uncertainty may cause banks to hold larger excess reserves.Other things being constant, this will:

A) have no effect on the volume of loans or the money supply.
B) tend to reduce both the volume of loans and the money supply.
C) tend to increase both the volume of loans and the money supply.
D) tend to increase the volume of loans but reduce the money supply.
E) tend to decrease the volume of loans but increase the money supply.