Which of the following is most consistent with the idea of catastrophism?

Question

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Catastrophism is the idea that brief, violent, and sudden natural disasters such as floods, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes have played a significant role in shaping the Earth's geological and biological history, resulting in mass extinction events. The extinction of dinosaurs due to a disastrous event such as a meteor impact is consistent with the principles of catastrophism. The other choices, inheritance of traits from parents, selection of well adapted traits, and gradual adaptation to changing environments, are more consistent with the principles of evolution by natural selection.

Which of the Following Is Most Consistent with the Idea