If We Divide Both Sides of the Equation $R = \frac { \text { dividend } } { P _ { S } } + \frac { \Delta P _ { S } } { P _ { S } }$

If we divide both sides of the equation $R = \frac { \text { dividend } } { P _ { S } } + \frac { \Delta P _ { S } } { P _ { S } }$ by earnings, we get:

A) the price-earnings ratio
B) the equilibrium interest rate
C) firm capital gains/losses
D) the marginal product of capital
E) inflation-adjusted prices