Question 1

_______ _______ is when decision makers have limited knowledge and a finite amount of time and resources to dedicate to the decision-making process.

Accepted Answer

Bounded Rationality

Question 2

Turnover of personnel will lead to different collective behaviors of organizational members, regardless of official agency goals.

Accepted Answer

When personnel in an organization are replaced or leave, new individuals with different backgrounds, attitudes, and experiences will join the organization. This may lead to changes in the collective behavior of the organization's members, even if the organization's official goals remain the same.

Question 3

_______ change is inadvertent or unplanned, independent of organization's control, and may come about in spite of organizational efforts at self-direction.

Accepted Answer

Crescive change refers to changes that are inadvertent or unplanned, occurring independently of an organization's control, and can happen despite the organization's efforts towards self-direction. This type of change is not deliberately initiated by the organization.

Question 4

The ____________ basically gave law enforcement agencies greater authority and ease in wiretapping, searching homes of suspects, and, in particular greater arrest powers.

Accepted Answer

The Patriot Act, also known as the USA Patriot Act, was passed by the United States Congress in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. It granted more power to law enforcement agencies to investigate, prevent, and prosecute terrorism-related crimes. It allowed for greater authority in wiretapping, searching homes of suspects, and increased arrest powers, such as allowing the detention of non-citizens suspected of terrorist activities without charges or trial.

Question 5

A lack of clarity about the organization's mission and goals will make it difficult for the agency to promulgate policies and procedures and provide training that relates to current constraints on and expectations of its operational personnel.

Accepted Answer

If an organization's mission and goals are not clear, it will be difficult for the agency to develop effective policies and procedures and provide relevant training for its operational personnel who need to understand the organization's objectives in order to perform their duties effectively.

Question 6

The analysis for a successful change is based on:

Accepted Answer

A successful change requires all of the above steps. Formulating the problem helps to clarify what needs to be changed, selecting objectives provides a clear direction for the change effort, designing alternatives helps to identify the best course of action, and collecting data provides information to support decision-making and evaluate the success of the change.

Question 7

Criminal justice practitioners were both trained to work with criminal offenders and mental patients.

Accepted Answer

Criminal justice practitioners are primarily trained to work with criminal offenders, while mental health professionals receive specialized training to work with mental patients.

Question 8

Planned Organizational Change consists of a set of activities designed to change individuals, groups, and organization structure and process.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately defines Planned Organizational Change as a deliberate effort to modify various components of an organization such as people, teams, and systems.

Question 9

Since the rise of computer crimes criminal justice agencies have acquired new techniques that, has assisted in the prevention of this new white collar crime.

Accepted Answer

With the rise of computer crimes, criminal justice agencies have adapted and developed new techniques to prevent and investigate these types of crimes. Some examples include forensic analysis of digital devices, cyber patrols, and international cooperation to track down cybercriminals.

Question 10

A performance gap is when an agency is performing improperly or below capacity and is recognized by agency executives, personnel, clients, or other constituencies.

Accepted Answer

A performance gap is a real phenomenon that occurs when an organization or agency is not performing up to its full potential, as measured by various criteria such as productivity, customer satisfaction, revenue, or other performance indicators. It is important to recognize and address performance gaps proactively to ensure that the agency can achieve its goals and objectives, and deliver high-quality products and services to its stakeholders.

Question 11

A community mental health system was created to lock up mental patients in prison that had been previously released.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A community mental health system was created...

Question 12

In the 1970's criminal defendants who suffered from mental illness were becoming a problem for law enforcement, courts, local jails, and prisons because they were released en masse from state mental institutions.

Accepted Answer

This is true. It was a major issue during the 1970's and 1980's commonly known as "deinstitutionalization."

Question 13

________ change results from conscious, deliberate, and planned efforts by organizational members, typically managers.

Accepted Answer

Purposive change refers to intentional and planned efforts by organizational members, particularly managers, aimed at improving or altering organizational processes, procedures, structures, or strategies. This type of change is driven by specific goals or objectives and involves the use of formalized means and channels of communication and decision-making. In contrast, random change refers to unplanned and unexpected alterations in organizational functioning, while crescive change emerges from collective action by numerous individuals within an organization, without necessarily being planned or intentional.

Question 14

Rational Planning requires that an agency's goals are:

Accepted Answer

Rational planning requires that an agency's goals are congruent, clear and known to agency members, and that means-ends relationships are understood. Therefore, option D, "All of the above," is the correct answer.

Question 15

Garbage Can Theory, which suggests that organizational changes are typically less than a deliberate, rational process.

Accepted Answer

The Garbage Can Theory suggests that decisions and changes in an organization are often described as a collection of problems, solutions, and decision makers who are mixed together like garbage in a can. The process is often chaotic and unpredictable, with decisions made based on the availability of participants and their ideas rather than a planned and logical approach. Therefore, the statement "Garbage Can Theory, which suggests that organizational changes are typically less than a deliberate, rational process" is true.

Question 16

Strict sentences have made it easier for prisons to release inmates who have completed the majority of their sentence and imprison newer offenders.

Accepted Answer

Strict sentences, particularly those resulting from policies like "three strikes" laws or mandatory minimums, often lead to longer incarcerations and reduce the flexibility for early release, thereby making it harder for prisons to manage population levels by releasing inmates early to make room for new offenders.

Question 17

Change in criminal justice organizations occurs after a problem gets everyone's attention and it becomes apparent to decision makers that we are not expending our resources wisely.

Accepted Answer

Change in any organization, including criminal justice organizations, often requires a problem or issue to arise that catches the attention of decision-makers and leads to a re-evaluation of how resources are being used. This can be driven by external factors such as changes in the law, shifts in public opinion or social movements, or internal issues such as inefficiencies or failures in achieving desired outcomes. Once a problem gets everyone's attention and is recognized as a priority, it can lead to changes in policies, procedures, and resource allocation to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and outcomes.

Question 18

The criminal justice workforce is rapidly becoming diverse because of the inclusion of women and minorities.

Accepted Answer

Over the past few decades, there has been an increase in the recruitment and hiring of women and individuals from diverse minority backgrounds in the criminal justice field. This has resulted in greater diversity within the workforce.

Question 19

__________ can be thought of as the systematic application of the concept of planned change.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ can be thought of as the...

Question 20

Kotter (1996) states that there are steps toward the process of change which include:

Accepted Answer

All three steps are part of Kotter's process of change. The leader must develop a vision that can help people understand why change is needed and what the outcomes will be. Short-term victories must be achieved to build momentum and gain support for the change. Finally, successes must become the basis for the next set of short-term wins to keep the change moving forward.

Quiz 14: Change and Innovation

_ _ is when decision makers have limited knowledge and a finite amount of time and resources to dedicate to the decision-making process.