________ change results from conscious, deliberate, and planned efforts by organizational members, typically managers.

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Purposive change refers to intentional and planned efforts by organizational members, particularly managers, aimed at improving or altering organizational processes, procedures, structures, or strategies. This type of change is driven by specific goals or objectives and involves the use of formalized means and channels of communication and decision-making. In contrast, random change refers to unplanned and unexpected alterations in organizational functioning, while crescive change emerges from collective action by numerous individuals within an organization, without necessarily being planned or intentional.

________ Change Results from Conscious, Deliberate, and Planned Efforts by Organizational