A difficulty with using a uniform per-unit tax to address a negative externality is that

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The social cost of a negative externality, such as pollution, may vary across geographic regions. For example, the cost of pollution in a densely populated city may be greater than in a rural area. In such cases, a uniform per-unit tax may not adequately address the variation in social cost across different regions. This can lead to either over or under taxation of certain regions, which may not effectively address the negative externality.

A Difficulty with Using a Uniform Per-Unit Tax to Address