When pregnant nonhuman females are exposed to constant stress,they give birth to offspring that are smaller than average and more likely to have other physical and behavioural problems.

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Studies have shown that pregnant nonhuman females who experience constant stress give birth to offspring that are smaller than average and more likely to have physical and behavioural problems. This is believed to be due to the impact of stress hormones on fetal development.

When Pregnant Nonhuman Females Are Exposed to Constant Stress,they Give