After the Roman imperial capital and the emperor moved to Constantinople, the power of the bishop of Rome grew because

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With the move of the Roman imperial capital to Constantinople, the bishop of Rome became the only patriarch in the Western Roman Empire. This gave him greater authority and influence in the Western Church, and over time he came to be recognized as the preeminent bishop in the Christian world. However, it is not accurate to say that the bishop of Rome became the political ruler of the Western Roman Empire or that the move to Constantinople drew barbarian attacks away from the west and toward the east. Furthermore, there is no evidence to suggest that the bishop of Rome opposed the move to Constantinople.

After the Roman Imperial Capital and the Emperor Moved to Constantinople